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== Spell Components == * [[Amaranth]] - Although several species of [[wikipedia:Amaranth|Amaranth]] are considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals, and ornamentals. Amaranth and quinoa are called pseudograins because of their flavor and cooking similarities to grains. These are dicot plant seeds, and both contain exceptionally complete protein for plant sources. Besides protein, amaranth grain provides a good source of dietary fiber and dietary minerals such as iron, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and especially manganese. The flowers of the 'Hopi Red Dye' amaranth were used by the Hopi Amerindians as the source of a deep red dye. There is also a synthetic dye that has been named "amaranth" for its similarity in color to the natural amaranth pigments known as betalains. This synthetic dye is also known as Red No. 2 in North America and E123 in the European Union. In ancient Greece, the amaranth (also called chrysanthemum and helichrysum) was sacred to Ephesian Artemis. It was supposed to have special healing properties, and as a symbol of immortality was used to decorate images of the gods and tombs. * [[Bistort]] - [[wikipedia:Persicaria bistorta|Persicaria bistorta]] is a herbaceous flowering plant found throughout Europe. The Latin name "bistorta" refers to the twisted appearance of the root. The plant was used to make a bitter pudding in Lent from a combination of the plant's leaves, oatmeal, egg and other herbs. It is the principal ingredient of dock pudding. The root of Bistort can be used to produce an astringent that was used in medicine. * [[Comfrey]] - [[wikipedia:Comfrey|Comfrey]] is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, light purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout Ireland and Britain on river banks and ditches. One of the country names for comfrey was ‘knitbone', a reminder of its traditional use in healing bone fractures. Modern science confirms that comfrey can influence the course of bone ailments. The herb contains allantoin, a cell proliferant that speeds up the natural replacement of body cells. Comfrey was used in an attempt to treat a wide variety of ailments ranging from bronchial problems, broken bones, sprains, arthritis, gastric and varicose ulcers, severe burns, acne and other skin conditions. * [[Damiana]] - [[wikipedia:Turnera diffusa|Turnera diffusa]], known as damiana, is a shrub native to Central America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. Damiana is a relatively small shrub that produces small, aromatic flowers. It blossoms in early to late summer and is followed by fruits that taste similar to figs. The shrub is said to have an strong spice like odor somewhat like chamomile, due to an oil present in the plant. The leaves have traditionally been made into a tea and an incense which was used by native people of Central and South America for its relaxing effects. Spanish missionaries first recorded that the Mexican Indians drank Damiana tea mixed with sugar for use as an aphrodisiac. * [[Dragonsblood]] - [[wikipedia:Dracaena cinnabari|Dracaena cinnabari]], the Socotra Dragon Tree or Dragon Blood Tree, is a Dragon Tree native to the Socotra archipelago. The trees can be harvested for their crimson red resin, called Dragon's blood which was highly prized in the ancient world and is still used today. Around the Mediterranean basin it was used as a dye and as a medicine, Socotrans use it ornamentally as well as dying wool, gluing pottery, a breath freshener and lipstick. Because of the belief that it is the blood of the dragon it is also used ritual magic and alchemy. The local inhabitants of the city in the Socotra Island use the Dragon's blood resin as a cure for all. They use it in general wound healing, as coagulant, curing diarrhea, for dysentery diseases, for lowering fevers. It is also taken for ulcers in the mouth, throat, intestines and stomach. Dragon's blood of Dracaena cinnabari was used as a source of varnish for 18th century Italian violin-makers. * [[Eyebright]] - [[wikipedia:Euphrasia|Euphrasia]] (Eyebright) is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections. * [[Frankincense]] - [[wikipedia:Frankincense|Frankincense]] is tapped from the scraggly but hardy Boswellia tree by slashing the bark and allowing the exuded resins to bleed out and harden. These hardened resins are called tears. There are numerous species and varieties of frankincense trees, each producing a slightly different type of resin. Differences in soil and climate create even more diversity of the resin, even within the same species. Frankincense trees are also considered unusual for their ability to grow in environments so unforgiving that they sometimes grow directly out of solid rock. The means of initial attachment to the stone is not known but is accomplished by a bulbous disk-like swelling of the trunk. This disk-like growth at the base of the tree prevents it from being torn away from the rock during the violent storms that frequent the region they grow in. This feature is slight or absent in trees grown in rocky soil or gravel. * [[Ginseng]] - [[wikipedia:Ginseng|Ginseng]] roots are taken orally as adaptogens, aphrodisiacs, nourishing stimulants, and sexual dysfunction in men. The root is most often available in dried form, either whole or sliced. Ginseng leaf, although not as highly prized, is sometimes also used; as with the root it is most often available in dried form. The English word ginseng derives from the Chinese term meaning "man root" (referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man). * [[Hawthorn]] - [[wikipedia:Crataegus monogyna|Crataegus monogyna]], known as Common Hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia. The fruit of hawthorn, called haws, are edible, but are commonly made into jellies, jams, and syrups, used to make wine, or to add flavor to brandy, rather than eaten fresh.
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