All of the severs allow players to be Player Killers, Darktide is exclusively PK, the other servers default to Non Player Killer and also let players do Player Killer Lite.
All of these servers used to be hosted on Zone.msn.com as part of the publishing agreement with Microsoft. Turbine bought back all franchise rights from Microsoft in 2003 and consequently took responsibility for server hosting. The servers remained at a facility in Washington State until 2008 when all server hardware was replaced and relocated to a facility in Massachusetts near Turbine headquarters. Due to various quality of service issues that caused extended downtime the servers were moved to a new facility on March 30th, 2009.
Live Worlds
Darktide
Frostfell
Harvestgain
Leafcull
Morningthaw
Solclaim
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Thistledown
Verdantine
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Wintersebb
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Beta Servers
Blue
Green
Red
Beta World Red was the first of the Beta servers on the Internet Gaming Zone for Asheron's Call.
Test Servers
Shadowclaim
This server was available for all players initially from the 26th of April 2003 to 28th of April 2003 to stress test some new server hardware. The character database was an exact copy of Solclaim, hence the name Shadowclaim.
Original Link: http://zone.msn.com/asheronshadow/default.asp
Throne of Destiny Open Preview
This server was available for all players from ??/??/?? to ??/??/?? as an open preview of the upcoming expansion pack Throne of Destiny. The character database was an exact copy of Leafcull.
Shadowfell
This server opened October 4rd, 2008 after being delayed a day and remained open until October 6th, 2008 to stress test new server hardware. The character database was an exact copy of Frostfell.
Internal Test Server
As mentioned in numerous posts by developers, Turbine has an internal test server. It is currently not available for players, supposedly. There has been some active players granted access to the test server to test content prior to it being delivered to the general player base.