Yalain: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
m (clean up) |
||
(17 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Auberean Index}} | {{Auberean Index}} | ||
Yalain was one of the kingdoms and cultures of the [[Empyrean]]. It, along with the Kingdom of [[Haebrous]], made up the High | Yalain was one of the kingdoms and cultures of the [[Empyrean]]. It, along with the Kingdom of [[Haebrous]], made up the High Empyrean cultures.<ref name=SQTheHistoricalOverview>2000/05 [[Stormwaltz Quotes]] - [http://ac.warcry.com/db/text/115 The Historical Overview]</ref> | ||
<i><b>Note:</b> The words Yalain and Yalaini and their correct grammatical usage is never clear. Possibly due to various development teams working on Asheron's Call over the years, the terms are often interchangable. For this wiki, Yalain is the proper noun, and refers to the land and kingdom, e.g. The Seaborne Empire of Yalain. Yalaini is the adjective, and refers to the people and language, e.g. Yalaini Council of Five, Yalaini Language.</i> | <i><b>Note:</b> The words Yalain and Yalaini and their correct grammatical usage is never clear. Possibly due to various development teams working on Asheron's Call over the years, the terms are often interchangable. For this wiki, Yalain is the proper noun, and refers to the land and kingdom, e.g. The Seaborne Empire of Yalain. Yalaini is the adjective, and refers to the people and language, e.g. Yalaini Council of Five, Yalaini Language.</i> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Eipothi === | |||
The Seaborne Empire of Yalain measured history by Eipothi, or epochs/ages in Roulean.<ref name=AgesEmp>2001/11 [[Dark Majesty]] - [[AC:DM CD Lore/Ages of the Empyrean|Ages of the Empyrean]]</ref> This calendar system was formalized in the reign of [[Alaidain]].<ref name=AgesEmp/> The ruler of the Empire declared the end of each age and the name of the next.<ref name=AgesEmp/> Ages were concluded to mark a major historical event.<ref name=AgesEmp/> The Eipothi are as follows: | The Seaborne Empire of Yalain measured history by Eipothi, or epochs/ages in Roulean.<ref name=AgesEmp>2001/11 [[Dark Majesty]] - [[AC:DM CD Lore/Ages of the Empyrean|Ages of the Empyrean]]</ref> This calendar system was formalized in the reign of [[Alaidain]].<ref name=AgesEmp/> The ruler of the Empire declared the end of each age and the name of the next.<ref name=AgesEmp/> Ages were concluded to mark a major historical event.<ref name=AgesEmp/> The Eipothi are as follows: | ||
{| | {|{{format|Panel}} | ||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0| '''Eipoth Name | |bgcolor=#d0d0d0| '''Eipoth Name | ||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0| '''Abbreviation | |bgcolor=#d0d0d0| '''Abbreviation | ||
Line 50: | Line 51: | ||
| Has thus far lasted 599 years | | Has thus far lasted 599 years | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=4| <small> | |colspan=4| <small>Sources: [[AC:DM CD Lore/Ages of the Empyrean|Ages of the Empyrean]] & other sources cited on the [[Timeline of Auberean]].</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Early History === | |||
The first mention of the Yalaini as a distinct people comes from a recently written [[Falatacot]] text. In it, the Yalaini, along with the [[Haebrean]] and [[Dericostian]]s, were said to have driven the Falatacot to the island of [[Killiakta]], or Dereth as it is known by now.<ref>2006/11 [[Remembering the Past]] - [[Words of the High Matriarch]]</ref> This event is presumed to happen either before or during the Arelis Eipoth. [[Asheron]] himself wrote that the furthest back the Yalaini could trace their lineage was over 30,000 years prior to the the writing of the text, which was written in the Hyrethis Eipoth, likely between HE 142 and HE 459.<ref>2000/05 [[Discoveries]] - [[Theories of Ezheret]]</ref> This would place the furthest traces of Yalaini lineage to approximately AE 4074 to AE 4391 or ealier. | The first mention of the Yalaini as a distinct people comes from a recently written [[Falatacot]] text. In it, the Yalaini, along with the [[Haebrean]] and [[Dericostian]]s, were said to have driven the Falatacot to the island of [[Killiakta]], or Dereth as it is known by now.<ref>2006/11 [[Remembering the Past]] - [[Words of the High Matriarch]]</ref> This event is presumed to happen either before or during the Arelis Eipoth. [[Asheron]] himself wrote that the furthest back the Yalaini could trace their lineage was over 30,000 years prior to the the writing of the text, which was written in the Hyrethis Eipoth, likely between HE 142 and HE 459.<ref>2000/05 [[Discoveries]] - [[Theories of Ezheret]]</ref> This would place the furthest traces of Yalaini lineage to approximately AE 4074 to AE 4391 or ealier. | ||
=== Seaborne Empire === | |||
The first mention of the Seaborne Empire of Yalain comes from a text which was written during [[Grael Rebellion]], in the Dericoi Eipoth, some time prior to the Millenium War.<ref name=GraelRebellion>2005/08 [[Friend and Foe]] - [[The Grael Rebellion]]</ref> | The first mention of the Seaborne Empire of Yalain comes from a text which was written during [[Grael Rebellion]], in the Dericoi Eipoth, some time prior to the Millenium War.<ref name=GraelRebellion>2005/08 [[Friend and Foe]] - [[The Grael Rebellion]]</ref> Empress [[Alaidain]] is the earliest recorded ruler of the Yalaini Empire, however it is not mentioned if she is the Empress during the Grael Rebellion. It is possible that the events of the Grael Rebellion immediately preceeded the Millenium War (within a matter of years), and the war was slightly shorter than 1,000 years, allowing for Alaidain to be Empress for the whole time period while maintaining the average lifespan of 1,000 years. It is also possible that Alaidain had an exceptionally long life. And a third possibility is that there was an Emperor or Empress before Alaidain, during the time of the Grael Rebellion, but his or her name has been lost. | ||
==== Rulers ==== | |||
{|{{format|Panel}} | |||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0 valign=top| '''Imperial Name | |||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0 valign=top| '''Birth Name | |||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0 valign=top| '''Bloodline | |||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0 valign=top| '''Years of reign | |||
|bgcolor=#d0d0d0 valign=top| '''Notes | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Empress [[Alaidain]] | |||
|valign=top| [[Alaidain]] | |||
|valign=top| Unknown | |||
|valign=top| DE ?? - VE 1 - ?? | |||
|valign=top| First recorded ruler of the Seaborne Empire. | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Emperor [[Kellin]]<br>''"Righteous Lord"'' | |||
|valign=top| Unknown | |||
|valign=top| 7th in the Line of Alaidain | |||
|valign=top| RE ?? - RE 230 | |||
|valign=top| Next recorded ruler, after a 6,000 year gap with 6 unknown rulers | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Emperor [[Caerlin]]<br>''"Lord of the Deep Waters"'' | |||
|valign=top| Delophon Realaidain | |||
|valign=top| 8th in the Line of Alaidain<br>Son of Kellin | |||
|valign=top| RE 230 - TE 2 | |||
|valign=top| Died at age 773<br>Cause of Death: Soulburn Plague | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Emperor [[Caerlin II]] | |||
|valign=top| Durglen Realaidain | |||
|valign=top| 9th in the Line of Alaidain<br>Son of Caerlin | |||
|valign=top| TE 2 - TE 504 | |||
|valign=top| Died at age 1022 | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Empress [[Cellaurai]]<br>''"Consecrated by Starlight"'' | |||
|valign=top| Alhallie Realaidain | |||
|valign=top| 10th in the Line of Alaidain<br>Son of Caerlin II and [[Clari]] | |||
|valign=top| TE 504 - HE 233 | |||
|valign=top| Mysteriously dissappeared while in Haebrous | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|valign=top| Emperor [[Kellin II]] | |||
|valign=top| Cashtal Ronain<br>Cashtal Realaidain (after marriage) | |||
|valign=top| 11th in the Line of Alaidain<br>A Lord of Haebrous<br>Husband of Cellaurai | |||
|valign=top| HE 233 - HE 647 | |||
|valign=top| Reign ended with the casting of [[The Sundering]] | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=5| | |||
---- | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=4| <small>Sources: [[Aerlinthe Record]], [[AC:DM CD Lore/Ages of the Empyrean|Ages of the Empyrean]] & other sources cited on the [[Timeline of Auberean]].</small> | |||
|} | |||
== Culture == | == Culture == | ||
Line 65: | Line 131: | ||
== Texts == | == Texts == | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| A Journal | | A Journal | ||
| A Letter From the Heart | | A Letter From the Heart | ||
Line 97: | Line 163: | ||
| Pack Asheron | | Pack Asheron | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Permission Slip | | Permission Slip | ||
| Personal Entry, Arrival of Kellin's Troops | | Personal Entry, Arrival of Kellin's Troops | ||
Line 110: | Line 176: | ||
| Translated History Book (An Old Volume) | | Translated History Book (An Old Volume) | ||
| Translated History Book (Dusty Volume) | | Translated History Book (Dusty Volume) | ||
| Translated Letter | | Translated Letter | ||
| We, the Defenders of the Helm | | We, the Defenders of the Helm | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Internet Articles == | == Internet Articles == | ||
* [[Microsoft Games Archive/World/History]] | |||
** [[Microsoft Games Archive/World/History/Historical Archive]] | |||
* [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/Dereth: A Brief History for Travelers|Dereth: A Brief History for Travelers]] | |||
* [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Mysterious Portals Archive|The Mysterious Portals Archive]] | |||
** [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Mysterious Portals Archive/The Advocate Towers|The Advocate Towers]] | |||
** [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Mysterious Portals Archive/Petroglyphs|Petroglyphs]] | |||
** [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Mysterious Portals Archive/The Festival Stones|The Festival Stones]] | |||
** [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Mysterious Portals Archive/The Lost Light|The Lost Light]] | |||
* [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/A Brief History for Travelers|A Brief History for Travelers]] | |||
** [[Should the Stars Fall/The Child of Daralet--Leafcull to Frostfell, PY 11 / (November to December, 2000)]] | |||
* [[Microsoft Zone Archive/Asheron's Lore/The Golems|The Golems]] | |||
* [[AC:DM CD Lore]] | |||
** [[AC:DM CD Lore/Introduction|Introduction]] | |||
** [[AC:DM CD Lore/Historical Overview/Portal Year 11 – The Fourth Sending of Darkness|Portal Year 11 – The Fourth Sending of Darkness]] | |||
** [[AC:DM CD Lore/Ages of the Empyrean|Ages of the Empyrean]] | |||
** [[AC:DM CD Lore/Yalain Texts|Yalain Texts]] | |||
** [[AC:DM CD Lore/Late Dereth Texts/Communion|Communion]] | |||
== Factions == | == Factions == | ||
== Items == | == Items == | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Caption = Quest Weapons | | Caption = Quest Weapons | ||
| Atlan Weapons | | Atlan Weapons | ||
Line 128: | Line 211: | ||
| Scepter of Thunderous Might | | Scepter of Thunderous Might | ||
| The Healer's Heart | | The Healer's Heart | ||
| Sword of Lost Light | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Caption = Quest Armor | | Caption = Quest Armor | ||
| Adjanite Crown | | Adjanite Crown | ||
| Auroric Exarch Coat | |||
| Auroric Exarch Girth | |||
| Auroric Exarch Leggings | |||
| Auroric Runic Helm | | Auroric Runic Helm | ||
| Boots of the Vault | | Boots of the Vault | ||
Line 148: | Line 235: | ||
| Imperial Chevaird's Helm | | Imperial Chevaird's Helm | ||
| Luminescent Runic Helm | | Luminescent Runic Helm | ||
| Luminescent Thaumaturgic Coat | |||
| Luminescent Thaumaturgic Girth | |||
| Luminescent Thaumaturgic Leggings | |||
| Runic Helm of Knorr | |||
| Sasalia's Dress | | Sasalia's Dress | ||
| Shield of Perfect Light | | Shield of Perfect Light | ||
| Superior Shield | |||
| Surloshen's Helm | | Surloshen's Helm | ||
| Thaumaturgic Plate Coat | |||
| Thaumaturgic Plate Girth | |||
}} | |||
{{Item Table | |||
| Thaumaturgic Plate Leggings | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Caption = Quest Accessories | | Caption = Quest Accessories | ||
| Adjanite Cameo | | Adjanite Cameo | ||
Line 179: | Line 276: | ||
| Yellow Empyrean Ring | | Yellow Empyrean Ring | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Caption = Decorations | | Caption = Decorations | ||
| Empyrean Spherule | | Empyrean Spherule | ||
| Globe of Auberean | | Globe of Auberean | ||
| Homecoming Pennant | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Item Table | {{Item Table | ||
| Caption = Miscelaneous | | Caption = Miscelaneous | ||
| Altar of Asheron | |||
| Ancient Empyrean Trinket | | Ancient Empyrean Trinket | ||
| Major Shivering Stone | |||
| Major Smoldering Stone | |||
| Major Sparking Stone | |||
| Major Stinging Stone | |||
| Minor Shivering Stone | |||
| Minor Smoldering Stone | |||
| Minor Sparking Stone | |||
| Minor Stinging Stone | |||
| Stone Tool | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Art & Images == | == Art & Images == | ||
<gallery widths=200px heights=200px perrow=4> | <gallery widths=200px heights=200px perrow=4> | ||
File: | File:Yalain Imperial Seal.jpg|The Yalain Imperial Seal, based based on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokusai Hokusai]'s painting "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa The Great Wave off Kanagawa]"<ref>[http://www.thejackcat.com/AC/Hobbies/Quests/Stormwaltz.htm Stormwaltz on Thaumaturgic Plate]</ref> | ||
File: | File:2008 Artwork Asheron.jpg|Official artwork, 2008 - Asheron Realaidain | ||
File: | File:2001 Artwork Maila Realaidain.jpg|Official artwork, 2001 - Maila Realaidain | ||
File: | File:2001 Artwork Emperor Kellin II and the Cerulean Throne.jpg|Official artwork, 2001 - Emperor Kellin II and the Cerulean Throne | ||
File:0x05002520.png|Asheron's Portrait from the [[Soul Stone Quest]] | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Lore Database Entry]] | [[Category:Lore Database Entry]] | ||
[[Category:Auberean Location]] | [[Category:Auberean Location]] | ||
[[Category:Culture]] |
Latest revision as of 00:08, 11 April 2015
| |||||||||||||||||||
Yalain was one of the kingdoms and cultures of the Empyrean. It, along with the Kingdom of Haebrous, made up the High Empyrean cultures.[1]
Note: The words Yalain and Yalaini and their correct grammatical usage is never clear. Possibly due to various development teams working on Asheron's Call over the years, the terms are often interchangable. For this wiki, Yalain is the proper noun, and refers to the land and kingdom, e.g. The Seaborne Empire of Yalain. Yalaini is the adjective, and refers to the people and language, e.g. Yalaini Council of Five, Yalaini Language.
History Edit
Eipothi Edit
The Seaborne Empire of Yalain measured history by Eipothi, or epochs/ages in Roulean.[2] This calendar system was formalized in the reign of Alaidain.[2] The ruler of the Empire declared the end of each age and the name of the next.[2] Ages were concluded to mark a major historical event.[2] The Eipothi are as follows:
Eipoth Name | Abbreviation | Roulean Translation | Length |
Arelis Eipoth | AE | Golden Age | Lasted approximately 20,000 years |
Dericoi Eipoth | DE | Age of Dericost | Lasted 6174 years |
Vacari Eipoth | VE | Age of Contentment | Lasted 6102 years |
Rhethis Eipoth | RE | First Age of Lore | Lasted 895 years |
Torethis Eipoth | TE | Second Age of Lore | Lasted 761 years |
Hyrethis Eipoth | HE | Third Age of Lore | Lasted 647 years |
Moriqui Eipoth | ME | Age of Shifting | Has thus far lasted 599 years |
Sources: Ages of the Empyrean & other sources cited on the Timeline of Auberean. |
Early History Edit
The first mention of the Yalaini as a distinct people comes from a recently written Falatacot text. In it, the Yalaini, along with the Haebrean and Dericostians, were said to have driven the Falatacot to the island of Killiakta, or Dereth as it is known by now.[3] This event is presumed to happen either before or during the Arelis Eipoth. Asheron himself wrote that the furthest back the Yalaini could trace their lineage was over 30,000 years prior to the the writing of the text, which was written in the Hyrethis Eipoth, likely between HE 142 and HE 459.[4] This would place the furthest traces of Yalaini lineage to approximately AE 4074 to AE 4391 or ealier.
Seaborne Empire Edit
The first mention of the Seaborne Empire of Yalain comes from a text which was written during Grael Rebellion, in the Dericoi Eipoth, some time prior to the Millenium War.[5] Empress Alaidain is the earliest recorded ruler of the Yalaini Empire, however it is not mentioned if she is the Empress during the Grael Rebellion. It is possible that the events of the Grael Rebellion immediately preceeded the Millenium War (within a matter of years), and the war was slightly shorter than 1,000 years, allowing for Alaidain to be Empress for the whole time period while maintaining the average lifespan of 1,000 years. It is also possible that Alaidain had an exceptionally long life. And a third possibility is that there was an Emperor or Empress before Alaidain, during the time of the Grael Rebellion, but his or her name has been lost.
Rulers Edit
Imperial Name | Birth Name | Bloodline | Years of reign | Notes |
Empress Alaidain | Alaidain | Unknown | DE ?? - VE 1 - ?? | First recorded ruler of the Seaborne Empire. |
| ||||
Emperor Kellin "Righteous Lord" |
Unknown | 7th in the Line of Alaidain | RE ?? - RE 230 | Next recorded ruler, after a 6,000 year gap with 6 unknown rulers |
| ||||
Emperor Caerlin "Lord of the Deep Waters" |
Delophon Realaidain | 8th in the Line of Alaidain Son of Kellin |
RE 230 - TE 2 | Died at age 773 Cause of Death: Soulburn Plague |
| ||||
Emperor Caerlin II | Durglen Realaidain | 9th in the Line of Alaidain Son of Caerlin |
TE 2 - TE 504 | Died at age 1022 |
| ||||
Empress Cellaurai "Consecrated by Starlight" |
Alhallie Realaidain | 10th in the Line of Alaidain Son of Caerlin II and Clari |
TE 504 - HE 233 | Mysteriously dissappeared while in Haebrous |
| ||||
Emperor Kellin II | Cashtal Ronain Cashtal Realaidain (after marriage) |
11th in the Line of Alaidain A Lord of Haebrous Husband of Cellaurai |
HE 233 - HE 647 | Reign ended with the casting of The Sundering |
| ||||
Sources: Aerlinthe Record, Ages of the Empyrean & other sources cited on the Timeline of Auberean. |
Culture Edit
Religions and Beliefs Edit
Customs and Traditions Edit
Texts Edit
A Journal A Letter From the Heart A Note on Ancient Goblets A Note on Ancient Necklaces A Note on Ancient Rings A Text Book Aerlinthe Record Alaidain's Gem Archival Copy Asheron's Departure Journal Asheron's Missive Asheron's Report Asheron's Second Missive Atlan's Treatise Brief Letter Decree Delacim's Death Field Report Gaerlan's Diary Gaerlan's Field Reports Gaerlan's Research Notes Imperial Missive Letter to Asheron Letter to Bretself the Translator Mana and the Elements Mote and Crystals needed for the Golem Construction Olthoi at Knorr Olthoi Resurgent Order of Perfect Light Pack Asheron Permission Slip Personal Entry, Arrival of Kellin's Troops Pets of Ispar Prophecies Ruminations and Warnings on Portal Creation Ruminations on Portal Creation Smith's Note Tome of the Elements The Departure of Aurlanaa Theories of Ezheret Translated History Book (An Old Volume) Translated History Book (Dusty Volume) Translated Letter We, the Defenders of the Helm
Internet Articles Edit
- Microsoft Games Archive/World/History
- Dereth: A Brief History for Travelers
- The Mysterious Portals Archive
- A Brief History for Travelers
- The Golems
- AC:DM CD Lore
Factions Edit
Items Edit
Atlan Weapons Blue Orb Crescent Moons Globe of Auberean Hieromancer's Orb Scepter of Thunderous Might The Healer's Heart Sword of Lost Light
Adjanite Crown Auroric Exarch Coat Auroric Exarch Girth Auroric Exarch Leggings Auroric Runic Helm Boots of the Vault Circlet of Supremacy Empowered Bracers of the Perfect Light Empowered Breastplate of the Perfect Light Empowered Empyrean Robe Empowered Girth of the Perfect Light Empowered Greaves of the Perfect Light Empowered Helm of the Perfect Light Empowered Pauldrons of the Perfect Light Empowered Tassets of the Perfect Light Exarch Plate Coat Exarch Plate Girth Exarch Plate Leggings Imperial Chevaird's Helm Luminescent Runic Helm Luminescent Thaumaturgic Coat Luminescent Thaumaturgic Girth Luminescent Thaumaturgic Leggings Runic Helm of Knorr Sasalia's Dress Shield of Perfect Light Superior Shield Surloshen's Helm Thaumaturgic Plate Coat Thaumaturgic Plate Girth
Adjanite Cameo Asheron's Greater Raiment Asheron's Lesser Raiment Asheron's Raiment Asheron's Supreme Raiment Blue Empyrean Ring Bracelet of Knowledge Collegium Occultus Ring Daulan Faur Enhanced Blue Empyrean Ring Enhanced Green Empyrean Ring Enhanced Red Empyrean Ring Enhanced White Empyrean Ring Enhanced Yellow Empyrean Ring Gladiatorial Leggings Gladiatorial Tunic Green Empyrean Ring Imbued Adjanite Cameo Realaidain Raiment Red Empyrean Ring Ring of Intellect Ring of the Watchman White Empyrean Ring Yellow Empyrean Ring
Empyrean Spherule Globe of Auberean Homecoming Pennant
Altar of Asheron Ancient Empyrean Trinket Major Shivering Stone Major Smoldering Stone Major Sparking Stone Major Stinging Stone Minor Shivering Stone Minor Smoldering Stone Minor Sparking Stone Minor Stinging Stone Stone Tool
Art & Images Edit
-
The Yalain Imperial Seal, based based on Hokusai's painting "The Great Wave off Kanagawa"[6]
-
Official artwork, 2008 - Asheron Realaidain
-
Official artwork, 2001 - Maila Realaidain
-
Official artwork, 2001 - Emperor Kellin II and the Cerulean Throne
-
Asheron's Portrait from the Soul Stone Quest
References Edit
- ↑ 2000/05 Stormwaltz Quotes - The Historical Overview
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2001/11 Dark Majesty - Ages of the Empyrean
- ↑ 2006/11 Remembering the Past - Words of the High Matriarch
- ↑ 2000/05 Discoveries - Theories of Ezheret
- ↑ 2005/08 Friend and Foe - The Grael Rebellion
- ↑ Stormwaltz on Thaumaturgic Plate